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随着城乡差距的扩大和人口外流现象的加剧，河南省83个县城面临着严重的“人口-土地-经济”空心化问题，这一问题直接关系到河南省乡村振兴战略的实施和长远发展。本案例将这一问题转化为实验教学项目。该教学项目中，学生将构建多维空心化指标体系，随后学习并应用熵权TOPSIS法、标准偏差法和耦合协调度模型，全面剖析空心化的统计特征与空间差异。此外，案例还引导学生运用GWR、LightGBM和SHAP模型深入探讨影响因素。通过这一实证学习过程，不仅能够深入了解河南省农村空心化的具体情况和背后原因，还能掌握相关的数据科学、统计学、计量经济学等领域的知识。将多学科知识融会贯通，提升其综合分析能力和实际问题解决能力。

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